The beginning of President Donald Trump바카라 게임 웹사이트�s second term has been marked by a surge in executive orders, some of which have generated intense political and legal debates. At the time of publication, Trump has signed more than 50 orders, ranging from attempts to delay a TikTok ban to withdrawing the U.S. from the World Health Organization. But among these, several have faced serious pushback.One of the most controversial was his executive order aimed at ending birthright citizenship, a constitutional right that guarantees citizenship to anyone born on U.S. soil. Constitutional battle over birthright citizenshipWilliam Davenport Mercer, a distinguished lecturer at the University of Tennessee's law school, believes the issue of birthright citizenship is settled law. 바카라 게임 웹사이트�It바카라 게임 웹사이트�s settled, in my opinion,바카라 게임 웹사이트� he said. 바카라 게임 웹사이트�It is and has been settled law of the land.바카라 게임 웹사이트�Mercer, who specializes in U.S. legal and constitutional history, pointed to the Citizenship Clause in the 14th Amendment. This clause enshrines the principle of jus soli, meaning the right of anyone born within the U.S. to automatically become a citizen.Multiple Supreme Court cases, including Inglis v. Trustees of Sailor's Snug Harbor and United States v. Wong Kim Ark, have reaffirmed this principle and the idea that birthright citizenship is established in American law.Trump바카라 게임 웹사이트�s administration, however, argues that the 14th Amendment has been misinterpreted and applied too broadly 바카라 게임 웹사이트� specifically, they believe it doesn바카라 게임 웹사이트�t extend to children of unauthorized immigrants or parents on visas.Mercer disagrees. As do at least two federal judges.First, on Jan. 23, a Seattle-based judge appointed by President Ronald Reagan issued a temporary restraining order on the executive order.The legal pushback continued on Feb. 5, when Judge Deborah L. Boardman of Maryland, who was appointed by President Joe Biden, issued a preliminary injunction blocking Trump바카라 게임 웹사이트�s order indefinitely. Mercer explained that while efforts to abolish or reform birthright citizenship are not new, this is the first time he바카라 게임 웹사이트�s seen it attempted through an executive order, which he reiterated is likely an unfeasible approach.Video below: White House files response to lawsuit on birthright citizenship바카라 게임 웹사이트�In recent years, we've seen there have been calls to amend the Constitution. There have been calls to amend the statutes in kind of different ways to try to get at reexamining birthright citizenship,바카라 게임 웹사이트� Mercer said. 바카라 게임 웹사이트�I don바카라 게임 웹사이트�t see (executive orders) as the proper vehicle for doing this. If you don바카라 게임 웹사이트�t like the birthright citizenship portion of Section 1 of the 14th Amendment, you have to amend the Constitution.바카라 게임 웹사이트�Other executive orders issued by Trump that have either been stayed by a judge or are being challenged in the courts include the ban on gender-affirming care for youths, the ban on transgender individuals in the military, the transfer of transgender women to men바카라 게임 웹사이트�s prisons, the elimination of diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) policies, the closure of the border for asylum seekers and the stripping of job protections for federal workers.Trump바카라 게임 웹사이트�s executive orders have also informed other actions that Mercer believes could be unconstitutional.Federal funding conundrumBorn from Trump바카라 게임 웹사이트�s orders to end climate initiatives and DEI programs, his administration issued a memorandum halting all federal spending to ensure that every dollar aligned with Trump바카라 게임 웹사이트�s agenda.The sudden decision sent shockwaves across the country, causing disruptions in Medicaid and leaving millions uncertain about losing access to housing, child care and food.After the flurry of confusion, the administration quickly reversed the funding freeze, rescinding the memo on Jan. 29.However, a federal judge was skeptical of the administration바카라 게임 웹사이트�s change of heart, issuing a temporary restraining order on the funding freeze just in case.바카라 게임 웹사이트�The rescission, if it can be called that, appears to be nothing more than a thinly veiled attempt to prevent this court from granting relief,바카라 게임 웹사이트� wrote Judge Loren L. AliKhan of the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia.AliKhan, who was appointed by Biden, further stated that the executive branch was overstepping its constitutional boundaries and infringing on the legislative branch바카라 게임 웹사이트�s power over federal appropriations.바카라 게임 웹사이트�(The Office of Management and Budget) attempted to wrest the power of the purse away from the only branch of government entitled to wield it,바카라 게임 웹사이트� AliKhan wrote.Yet, a federal judge in Rhode Island, who also ordered a restraining order on the frozen funds, found that the Trump administration was defying his order and was still withholding congressionally-approved disimbursements.On Feb. 10, U.S. District Judge John McConnell, an appointee of President Barack Obama, doubled down on his order, directing the administration to once again release the funds.Lawyers with the Department of Justice have appealed McConnell's decision.Mercer, who spoke with Hearst Television before the rulings, concurred with both judges, citing laws passed during President Richard Nixon바카라 게임 웹사이트�s administration, such as the Impoundment Control Act of 1974, which codified the distinction in fiscal powers between Congress and the president.Mercer also highlighted Justice Robert H. Jackson바카라 게임 웹사이트�s influential concurring opinion in the 1952 case Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer, which overturned President Harry Truman바카라 게임 웹사이트�s attempt to nationalize the country바카라 게임 웹사이트�s steel mills. Essentially, the opinion stated that a president바카라 게임 웹사이트�s executive powers are at their strongest when supported by Congress and at their weakest when in opposition, as in the case of suspending funds already approved and appropriated by Congress.바카라 게임 웹사이트�I think the (Trump) administration probably ran afoul of that,바카라 게임 웹사이트� Mercer said. 바카라 게임 웹사이트�This is a legislative, congressional power, and they바카라 게임 웹사이트�ve said it in a congressional law, and so I think that바카라 게임 웹사이트�s a problem.바카라 게임 웹사이트�Executive orders, a historical presidential toolIt remains uncertain whether Trump can implement these orders and memorandums, but Mercer asserts that, based on current constitutional interpretation, the president is within his rights to make the attempt.바카라 게임 웹사이트�Article 2 (of the Constitution) governs the executive바카라 게임 웹사이트�s power,바카라 게임 웹사이트� Mercer said. 바카라 게임 웹사이트�There's nothing in it that explicitly says the president can issue executive orders, but the president does have certain independent constitutional powers, most notably the obligation to faithfully execute the laws.바카라 게임 웹사이트� Although executive orders are not laws 바카라 게임 웹사이트� only Congress has the authority to create laws 바카라 게임 웹사이트� they are a powerful tool for the president to direct the enforcement of existing laws and shape policy within the executive branch. Executive orders are not uncommon, either. Mercer argued that some of the most influential actions in American history were executive orders, including the Emancipation Proclamation, funding for the Manhattan Project, the internment of Japanese Americans, and the creation of the Department of Homeland Security. Every president, except William Henry Harrison, has issued at least one executive order during their tenure. Some presidents even issued more than 1,000, including Franklin D. Roosevelt, according to records. 바카라 게임 웹사이트�There have been other presidents who came into office and hit the ground running,바카라 게임 웹사이트� Mercer said. 바카라 게임 웹사이트�One that I바카라 게임 웹사이트�ve seen a number of commentators mention 바카라 게임 웹사이트� the first 100 days of FDR바카라 게임 웹사이트�s administration바카라 게임 웹사이트� You could say that perhaps there are some analogies there (with Trump).바카라 게임 웹사이트� However, Mercer cautioned against making a direct comparison between Trump바카라 게임 웹사이트�s second term and Roosevelt바카라 게임 웹사이트�s presidency, pointing to the key difference in the speed and meticulousness of their approaches.바카라 게임 웹사이트�Though FDR had a number of his early attempts at recovery (from the Great Depression)... taken out by the courts, some of his signature pieces, they weren바카라 게임 웹사이트�t done this quickly,바카라 게임 웹사이트� Mercer said. 바카라 게임 웹사이트�These were codes drafted by lawyers and put together and such, and the court says, 바카라 게임 웹사이트�The legislature has given you way too much power under this, so we바카라 게임 웹사이트�re going to negate this executive order,바카라 게임 웹사이트� and that sort of thing.바카라 게임 웹사이트�Expanding powers of the executive branch While Trump's fast-paced executive order process may be unlike that of past presidents, Mercer said, the idea of pushing the limits of executive power is not unprecedented.From Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation to President Barack Obama's establishment of Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA), various presidents have confronted constitutional boundaries via executive order. Mercer suggested that Trump's approach could be a reflection of the country's shifting constitutional order, driven either by the Supreme Court's ideological tilt, the changing will of the electorate, or, most likely, both. He pointed to the recent overturning of Roe v. Wade as a significant example of this shift.바카라 게임 웹사이트�Roe is a big one. But that didn't just show up because the court made it. That was because of a whole lot of popular advocacy on the ground for a number of decades,바카라 게임 웹사이트� Mercer said. 바카라 게임 웹사이트�And so those kind of work together. And I think once things start to move, I mean, who knows what 바카라 게임 웹사이트� I think we're potentially in a rather transformative period.바카라 게임 웹사이트�This shift in perspective, Mercer added, might explain why Trump and others are revisiting what was once considered settled law. 바카라 게임 웹사이트�This is just pure opinion, but it does seem like there's a sense that a lot of things that were settled don't necessarily have to be, or there's an opportunity to revisit things that are settled law in order to maybe get a more favorable ruling this time,바카라 게임 웹사이트� Mercer said.Mercer explained that this evolving legal landscape suggests that the U.S. is at a critical juncture. Whether it's the interpretation of the 14th Amendment or other long-standing principles, the courts may be more willing to reconsider them in light of shifting political and social currents.As Trump바카라 게임 웹사이트�s second term continues, the implications of these legal battles go beyond individual policies, challenging the nation바카라 게임 웹사이트�s foundational principles and the very nature of constitutional interpretation itself.바카라 게임 웹사이트�This is bigger than, like, living constitution versus original intent. It's bigger than that,바카라 게임 웹사이트� Mercer said. 바카라 게임 웹사이트�And I think we're in a moment now where we're recognizing that so much of what makes up our constitutional order, our constitutional universe as we know it today, I think people are realizing that so much of it, while it is based on the Constitution and is based on formal law, is also very customary.바카라 게임 웹사이트�He added, 바카라 게임 웹사이트�None of this is set in stone. Whether this is a good thing or a bad thing is in the eye of the beholder.바카라 게임 웹사이트�