Twenty five years ago, "Jurassic Park" roared its way into theaters worldwide. And though the action-packed dino flick would inspire a new generation of paleontologists, director Steven Spielberg packed in more science fiction than actual science. Since the film's 1993 debut, scientists have discovered that velociraptors were actually feathered, Dilophosauruses definitely didn바카라 게임 웹사이트�t spit poison and a T-Rex바카라 게임 웹사이트�s vision was very much not based on movement. Even the very premise of the film 바카라 게임 웹사이트� resurrecting dinosaurs with DNA extracted from ancient mosquitoes 바카라 게임 웹사이트� is now considered likely impossible.But despite these scientific lapses, "Jurassic Park" did ask one important question: Could dinosaurs one day walk among humans? It's something we're still asking ourselves as the next installment of the franchise, "Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom," hits theaters Friday. 바카라 게임 웹사이트�If you don바카라 게임 웹사이트�t have time to wait for evolution to change the way looks, modern technology can do that,바카라 게임 웹사이트� says Jack Horner, famed paleontologist and consultant on all five "Jurassic Park" movies. 바카라 게임 웹사이트�We have all kinds of ... biological modification tools. The possibility of creating a dinosaur exists right now.바카라 게임 웹사이트� The Jurassic Park Effect"Jurassic Park" was more than a best-selling book and cinematic phenomenon. Spielberg's classic also ushered in a 바카라 게임 웹사이트�golden age of dinosaur discovery.바카라 게임 웹사이트�According to NBC 온라인 바카라 게임, in the decade prior to the release of "Jurassic Park," paleontologists discovered about new 15 species of dinosaurs per year. Over the last decade, that rate of discovery has increased to about one species a week. That list includes a nearly complete skeleton of a massive plant eater the size of a dozen African elephants and a small, fast, quail-like dinosaur that one paleontologist dubbed a 바카라 게임 웹사이트�fluffy feathered poodle from hell.바카라 게임 웹사이트�"Jurassic Park" can바카라 게임 웹사이트�t take all the credit. Countries are allowing international access to dig sites and technology is speeding up the search, but the movie certainly helped to light the spark. In 2018 there are nearly four times more active dinosaur paleontologists than there were three decades ago 바카라 게임 웹사이트� a result of what바카라 게임 웹사이트�s known as the 바카라 게임 웹사이트�'Jurassic Park' effect.바카라 게임 웹사이트�바카라 게임 웹사이트�I have a near-photographic memory of the helicopter ride to the island ... and first shot of the Brachiosaurus,바카라 게임 웹사이트� said Yale paleontologist Bhart-Anjan Bhullar, who was 9 when the movie came out. 바카라 게임 웹사이트�I saw it two or three times in the theater.바카라 게임 웹사이트� The Amber IllusionBut what makes up accurate science and what works at the box office are rarely the same thing, and that includes cloning a dinosaur. Recent findings have shown that DNA sequences long enough to be usable and readable for cloning purposes probably can바카라 게임 웹사이트�t survive more than 1.5 million years with the oldest known DNA sample coming from a 700,000-year-old horse. With dinosaurs exiting the world stage some 65 million years ago, finding useful dino DNA trapped in amber is probably pure science fiction. 바카라 게임 웹사이트�We can find fragments of DNA , but not enough of a genome to activate it,바카라 게임 웹사이트� said Mark Norell, chair and Macaulay curator in the American Museum of Natural History's Division of Paleontology. 바카라 게임 웹사이트�The chances of finding a whole genome is nearly impossible.바카라 게임 웹사이트� More than that, we don바카라 게임 웹사이트�t have the genetic blueprint for cloning a dinosaur. 바카라 게임 웹사이트�In what order are those genes expressed? What chromosomes are they lined upon?,바카라 게임 웹사이트� asked evolutionary biologist Mary Schweitzer, an expert in extracting proteins from dinosaur fossils. 바카라 게임 웹사이트�Those are not coded for in the DNA. If you get it wrong, you don바카라 게임 웹사이트�t get a dinosaur. I think is insurmountable with the technology we have anytime in the foreseeable future.바카라 게임 웹사이트�From "Jurassic Park" to the PigeonCreating a clone from dino DNA maybe a scientific dead-end, but the idea of bringing back dinosaurs is far from extinct.In 2009, Horner co-wrote a book titled "How to Build a Dinosaur," proposing the wild idea of taking a chicken embryo and genetically modifying it so that it hatched with a head, teeth, claws and tail like its ancient ancestor, a velociraptor. He calls this ancient world hybrid a 바카라 게임 웹사이트�dino-chicken.바카라 게임 웹사이트� 바카라 게임 웹사이트�The question in my mind is, could we back the whole process up?바카라 게임 웹사이트� Horner told Popular Mechanics. 바카라 게임 웹사이트�Could we start with a bird and retro engineer a dinosaur out of it? Yeah, I thought it could be done.바카라 게임 웹사이트�This kind of out-of-the-box thinking would inspire some truly revolutionary research. In 2015, Bhullar and his colleagues showed that it was potentially possible to reverse-engineer evolution by using what we바카라 게임 웹사이트�ve learned over the last two decades and taking advantage of newly developed technologies.For example, one of the most distinctive features of a bird is its beak, but fossil records show that dinosaurs definitely had snouts with razor sharp teeth. So how and when in its 65-million-year-long evolutionary chain did those toothed snouts give way to modern beaks? To figure out the answer, researchers used a technique called 바카라 게임 웹사이트�geometric morphometrics,바카라 게임 웹사이트� in which a computer compiles hundreds of skeletal and skull images from numerous ancestral animals 바카라 게임 웹사이트� including dino fossils, birds, crocodiles and lizards 바카라 게임 웹사이트� and creates a series of 3D scans of their shape. These models are compared to one another to determine the precise differences in bone size, shape and configuration among the specimens. The data narrow the search and can lead to finding exact genes and proteins that over the slow course of evolution created the bird beak of today. With this information, scientists used tiny beads coated with protein inhibitors that blocked protein activity, and which lead to bird-specific gene expressions in the embryonic chicken reverting to its ancestral anatomy.Two years after this breakthrough research, another study by evolutionary biologists from John Hopkins and Beijing built upon this finding and further cemented the transition from sharp-toothed snouts to pointy beaks, or 바카라 게임 웹사이트�the line of evolution from a Tyrannosaurus rex to a pigeon.바카라 게임 웹사이트�Over the last decade, researchers have found that birds still possess the ability to grow razor-sharp teeth, develop dinosaur toes and still have similar jaws as their ancestors. To Horner, all of this further cements his 2009 theory of manipulating a chicken embryo into having dinosaur characteristics.Now he wants to hatch a dino-chicken.Modern Science Meets 65-Million-Year-Old BiologyThe way Horner explains it, creating a dino-chicken doesn바카라 게임 웹사이트�t seem complicated at all. 바카라 게임 웹사이트�It바카라 게임 웹사이트�s basically opening up one egg at a time and going in and retrieving RNA,바카라 게임 웹사이트� he said. 바카라 게임 웹사이트�And, then, opening up another egg and using a gene switch ... and inserting back into each cell something that either turns on a particular gene or turns it off. It바카라 게임 웹사이트�s just gene switching, that바카라 게임 웹사이트�s all it is.바카라 게임 웹사이트� The process or 바카라 게임 웹사이트�turning off바카라 게임 웹사이트� a gene would cause certain parts of the anatomy to revert to its prehistoric state, essentially deleting millions of years of evolution. It closely follows the same method Bhullar used in embryos in 2015, but now Horner believes the technology is ready to handle such a complicated procedure.The system called CRISPR/Cas9 is the premier tool of the modern genetic engineer. This system of genetic guides and enzymes can find, cut, and edit DNA; it's the most commonly employed of the CRISPR technologies. Wired compares it to the 바카라 게임 웹사이트�genetic equivalent of Microsoft Word." CRISPR/Cas9 was first used in the yogurt and cheese industry about a decade ago. In the span of only a few years, this gene-editing system showed such potential that it could alter virtually any living organism, including humans. Of course, there are risks. CRISPR is still imprecise, sometimes binding to or cutting the wrong gene. But the system remains the best tool for gene targeting methods, and scientists are still figuring out the safest ways to use it. Horner believes CRISPR is the tool scientists have been waiting for to finally bring dinosaurs 바카라 게임 웹사이트� or at least a hybrid version 바카라 게임 웹사이트� back from extinction.바카라 게임 웹사이트�This chicken when it hatches out... will have a weird looking head that won바카라 게임 웹사이트�t look like a bird. It will walk a little different than chickens do. And it will have arms and hands and it will have a long, bony tail,바카라 게임 웹사이트� said Horner. 바카라 게임 웹사이트�It will look more like a dinosaur than a chicken.바카라 게임 웹사이트� Stopping To Think If We ShouldEchoing Ian Malcolm바카라 게임 웹사이트�s dire warning in "Jurassic Park," other paleontologists and evolutionary biologists are not as enthusiastic about hatching a dino-chicken.Dana Rashid, an evolutionary biologist at Montana State University who worked with Horner and now runs the so-called DinoChicken lab following Horner's retirement in 2016, says that while it바카라 게임 웹사이트�s 바카라 게임 웹사이트�theoretically possible바카라 게임 웹사이트� to hatch a dino-chicken in five years or so, it shouldn바카라 게임 웹사이트�t be a goal. Instead, Rashid continues studying the tail evolution from dinosaurs to birds over the last 150 million years and has already discovered some amazing things. She바카라 게임 웹사이트�s found that it required far fewer mutations that previously thought to go from the long tails of dinosaurs to the short, fused tails of today바카라 게임 웹사이트�s birds.While this work can certainly be used in conjunction with Horner바카라 게임 웹사이트�s mission to engineer a dino-chicken, Rashid says this dino-tail study could help treat ankylosing spondylitis, a fairly common condition in which vertebrae fuse. Affecting 1 in 140 people, it바카라 게임 웹사이트�s the primary cause of non-injury related back pain in adolescents. 바카라 게임 웹사이트�In trying to understand the biology of the tail in birds, we found a lot of parallels to this disease,바카라 게임 웹사이트� said Rashid, 바카라 게임 웹사이트�I... have some evidence to what that trigger might be. While we can바카라 게임 웹사이트�t share what that is yet, we바카라 게임 웹사이트�re pretty excited about it.바카라 게임 웹사이트� Experimenting with gene switching, retro engineering and growing prehistoric-like tails could also have other fascinating medical implications. 바카라 게임 웹사이트�If we can figure out how to extend the tail, there could be applications for people who become paralyzed because of spinal accidents바카라 게임 웹사이트� Rashid said. She calls Horner a visionary and a genius, but says that we shouldn바카라 게임 웹사이트�t just be 바카라 게임 웹사이트�making a dino-chicken for the heck of it.바카라 게임 웹사이트�Other scientists also disagree with Horner바카라 게임 웹사이트�s dino-chicken research, some more harshly than others. While Norell acknowledges that we know a lot more about gene switching, dinosaur traits and evolution than we did 25 years ago, he thinks we are still way far off from actually creating a dinosaur. He바카라 게임 웹사이트�s concerned that switching one or two genes will have an unknown effect on other cells in the organism. He also thinks that this 바카라 게임 웹사이트�engineering바카라 게임 웹사이트� will not make a dinosaur. 바카라 게임 웹사이트�We can create all kinds of weirdo stuff by modifying a gene here and there,바카라 게임 웹사이트� said Norell, 바카라 게임 웹사이트�We could modify humans to have a tail. That doesn바카라 게임 웹사이트�t make us a non-humanoid monkey. That just makes us a human with a tail.바카라 게임 웹사이트�Schweitzer is a former student of Horner바카라 게임 웹사이트�s, but she wonders about the ethical question of creating such a creature. 바카라 게임 웹사이트�You got one chicken with a velociraptor head and tail. We바카라 게임 웹사이트�ve proven we can do it, so we are real cool, but it바카라 게임 웹사이트�s cruel,바카라 게임 웹사이트� said Schweitzer. 바카라 게임 웹사이트�Bringing an organism back ... just to prove you can, it바카라 게임 웹사이트�s a waste.바카라 게임 웹사이트� But Horner believes that we are so far along in the process already, that he바카라 게임 웹사이트�d only need an additional 바카라 게임 웹사이트�$300,000 to a million dollars바카라 게임 웹사이트� and just one year to physically hatch an animal unlike anything Earth has seen in millions of years. 바카라 게임 웹사이트�I don바카라 게임 웹사이트�t see any difference between a dino-chicken and a Chihuahua,바카라 게임 웹사이트� said Horner, 바카라 게임 웹사이트�It바카라 게임 웹사이트�s just another genetically modified animal.바카라 게임 웹사이트� But lab-based genetic modification is natural evolution set to maximum overdrive. Even the English bulldog, sometimes referred to as a 바카라 게임 웹사이트�genetic monstrosity,바카라 게임 웹사이트� took decades to create. 바카라 게임 웹사이트�I think.. it바카라 게임 웹사이트�s hubris,바카라 게임 웹사이트� said Schweitzer, 바카라 게임 웹사이트�Humans are amazingly short-sighted and never think about the long term ramifications of messing with a genome of a complex organism. Building something just because we can is going to get us in trouble.바카라 게임 웹사이트�Buried beneath mounds of disproven dinosaur science and new-age genetic modification, there바카라 게임 웹사이트�s still the issue that was raised on screen 25 years ago by Dr. Ian Malcolm: We are so preoccupied with if we could, we are not stopping to ask if we should. It's this scientific balance between what's possible and what's ethical that remains "Jurassic Park's" lasting truth. Learn about another theory regarding dinosaur cloning in the related video above.